India’s private sector companies saw significant financial improvement in 2023-24, with higher profits, lower debt, and stronger financial health, according to the latest Reserve Bank of India (RBI) report. The data, based on the audited financials of 6,955 non-government, non-financial public limited companies, highlights a strong recovery in both the manufacturing and services sectors.
Higher Profits Across Sectors
The financial year 2023-24 saw a sharp 15.3% rise in operating profits, a big jump from the 4.2% growth recorded in the previous year. Manufacturing companies, which had seen a 3.9% decline in operating profits in 2022-23, rebounded with a 13.2% growth. Meanwhile, the services sector maintained strong momentum, growing by 15.5%.
Post-tax profits also surged, increasing by 16.3% overall. The services sector outperformed manufacturing in this area, with an impressive 38.1% rise in profit after tax, compared to a 7.6% increase in the manufacturing sector. Private limited companies (not listed on stock exchanges) also showed improved profitability, with better operating profit margins and overall financial performance.
Declining Debt and Stronger Financial Stability
A major positive trend highlighted in the RBI report is the reduction in corporate debt. Public limited companies lowered their debt-to-equity ratios, relying more on internal funds rather than external borrowing. More than two-thirds of their total funding came from reserves and surplus, showing greater financial resilience.
The interest coverage ratio (ICR), which measures a company’s ability to pay interest on its debt, improved to 4.1 in 2023-24 from the previous year. Manufacturing companies maintained a strong ICR of 6.3, while the services sector saw a slight rise to 3.2. Among private limited companies, the ICR increased to 3.1, with the manufacturing sector leading at 8.3 and the services sector at 2.7.
Despite these improvements, private limited companies’ overall leverage remained steady at 45.2% as of March 2024. Some sectors, like electricity, gas, and construction, continued to have high debt levels, though there was some moderation compared to the previous year.
Increased Investments and Sectoral Growth
Investment in assets also grew, with public limited companies increasing their fixed assets by 10% in 2023-24. Sectors such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment, and motor vehicles showed particularly strong growth in capital investment, reflecting their expanding production capacities.
A Positive Outlook for Indian Corporates
The RBI report presents a promising picture of India’s private sector, with stronger profitability, reduced debt, and increased internal funding. These financial improvements indicate that companies are in a better position to navigate economic uncertainties and invest in future growth.
While the services sector led in post-tax profit growth, manufacturing companies also showed stable financial performance. With continued investment and financial discipline, India’s private sector appears well-positioned for sustained growth in the coming years.
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